Is an electronic signature legal in Indonesia?
Law No. 11 recognizes electronic signatures, implemented by government regulations. Indonesia distinguishes an ordinary electronic signature from a “certified” electronic (digital) signature; the difference is not enforceability but evidentiary weight — a certified signature, made with a certificate from a registered Indonesian certification operator and a certified creation device, carries stronger inferred evidentiary value.
What types of electronic signature are recognized in Indonesia?
An electronic signature has legal force where the creation data are uniquely associated with and under the signer’s sole control at signing, the signature and associated information are tamper-evident, the signer is identified, and consent is shown by an explicit affirmative action. A “certified” (digital) signature additionally uses a registered-operator certificate and a certified device.
What documents can be signed electronically in Indonesia?
No specific restrictions on most document types, and no law requires a “certified” signature for particular documents; consistent recognition continues to mature among government bodies and the courts.
What documents cannot be signed electronically in Indonesia?
For high-stakes matters or where strong evidentiary weight is needed, use a certified (digital) signature from a registered Indonesian operator. Documents subject to a specific statutory form or notarization fall outside ordinary e-signing.
What court cases have addressed eSignatures in Indonesia?
None reported.
