eSignature legality summary
The E-Commerce Act governs electronic records and signatures across commercial and non-commercial activities. The Rules on Electronic Evidence affirm a duly authenticated electronic or digital signature as the functional equivalent of a written signature. Electronic notarization is now recognized, but only via Supreme Court-accredited facilities.
Types of permitted electronic signature
An electronic signature is any distinctive mark, characteristic, or sound in electronic form representing identity, attached to or associated with a document with intent to authenticate or approve it. It is equivalent to a written signature when proved — via a reliable, party-unalterable procedure that identifies the signer, shows the method was reliable and appropriate, and lets the other party verify it. The Rules on Electronic Evidence also recognize an enhanced “digital signature” (asymmetric cryptography).
Documents that may be signed electronically
Contracts remain binding in whatever form, provided the validity requisites are met; electronic signatures may be used where Philippine law does not require specific execution formalities.
Use with caution / not typically appropriate
Exercise care with government-agency transactions. The electronic-notarization rules do not apply to notarial wills, which carry separate formalities.
- Notarial wills (separate statutory formalities)
- Documents where law requires specific execution formalities
- Government-agency transactions requiring particular forms (use with caution)
Seminal court cases
None reported.
Primary sources
- Republic Act No. 8792 (Electronic Commerce Act of 2000)
- Rules on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC)
Disclaimer: This guide is general information, not legal advice, and is not a guarantee that any signature will be enforceable for a particular document, transaction, or jurisdiction. E-signature and data-protection laws change frequently. Confirm the requirements for your specific document and parties, and consult a licensed lawyer in the relevant country before relying on electronic signing.
Last reviewed: June 15, 2026