Is an electronic signature legal in Ukraine?
A written signature is not required for a valid contract (Civil Code Art. 207), and a document is not denied effect merely for being electronic (Law on Electronic Documents, Art. 8). A QES equals a handwritten signature; a simple electronic signature is appropriate only where a law allows it or the parties agreed in advance (by wet-ink signature) to use electronic signatures.
What types of electronic signature are recognized in Ukraine?
Ukraine recognizes a simple electronic signature; an advanced electronic signature (created by cryptographic conversion with a personal key uniquely associated with the signatory, enabling identification and integrity detection); and a QES (an AES created by a qualified device and based on a qualified certificate).
What documents can be signed electronically in Ukraine?
A simple electronic signature suits commercial agreements (NDAs, procurement, sales) and consumer agreements — but only where a law permits it or the parties pre-agreed in writing.
What documents cannot be signed electronically in Ukraine?
A QES is required for acts by public authorities, electronic filings/reporting to the state, internal electronic document management, promissory notes, transaction documentation (invoices, acceptance acts), and notarized documents.
What court cases have addressed eSignatures in Ukraine?
None reported.
